Business Ethics and Sustainability Financial Market

Question: Talk about the Business Ethics and Sustainability for Financial Market. Answer: Presentation: Business morals are significant any kind of business around the world. In the given case likewise there are some moral gave that has been watched. The principal moral issue emerging, for this situation, is the straightforwardness (Gavai, 2010). There are two sorts of paces of premiums kept up by the bank one is for the investors and another is for the borrowers. Additionally, the banks likewise have an alternate pace of premium picked up in situations when they are putting the cash of the clients in the market to support the banks. There is likewise an alternate rate engaged with the instance of the bank to bank exchanges. Along these lines, for this situation, this was the principle issue where various banks of London couldn't keep up the straightforwardness of the rates to LIBOR. The second was that they couldn't keep up their dedication either to the clients or to the administration. The distinction in the rates likewise carried misfortune and awful name to their name in the busin ess sectors. Numerous banks were associated with this embarrassment. The third was that they turned out to be narrow minded in considering themselves in the market than of the clients (Duska, 2000). The most significant business ethic is a fulfillment to the clients and keeping up faithfulness with them. However, here in the previously mentioned case the financiers just idea of their benefit. Indeed, it is significant for any firm to take a gander at their benefit scale yet not at the cost the confidence and unwaveringness of the clients. In any business the principal standards are genuineness. Hence, there is additionally an adage Trustworthiness is the best approach, which is the main inclination for any firm. This thing ought to be kept up by any firm up to a degree. It is realized that each business has some standard avoided the law however it isn't business strategy. The business morals are significant for a business. What's more, here in the matter of bank unwaveringness and g enuineness is the fundamental wellspring of pay and picking up clients and furthermore popularity (Ethical Issues in Business: Perspectives from the Business Academic Community, 2004). The Traders Ability to Impact the Interest Rate Benchmark Represents a Conflict of Interest. Talk about. The above proclamation is genuine on the grounds that in any business there ought to be a morals and approaches that ought to be followed generally by all the business firms in general. Consequently, every nation has its own guidelines and guidelines for the agents. The merchant ought not get the entire position, in regards to, rules for maintaining the business. Here in the given case, the principle issue was that the dealers were given the full right and authority of setting paces of premiums in the market (Duan, Wei, Chen, 2014). Each dealer will consider their own advantage. What's more, on the off chance that the dealer is unscrupulous, at that point he won't reconsider before with his clients moreover. Here LIBOR had given the freedom to the brokers for setting their paces of offered interests. So the brokers while playing with the business morals even overlooked one thing that, it is the bank's rates which decide the financial status of the nation. The LIBOR includes numerous banks exchanges and their rates decided. Thus, playing with the standards would not just cut down the economy of the nation yet in addition of the world in general as in light of the fact that banking includes enthusiasm of the clients as well as of numerous corporate firms attractive sums dealings (Vasudev Rodriguez Guerrero, 2014). Along these lines, it is supported if the full authority of anything ought not be given to any firm in general. This declines their dependability and genuineness towards the sellers. Since a merchant can just consider the benefits, thus, it might happen that while pondering the benefit of their firm they may very well disregard or ignore the interests and obligations of them towards humankind and government and the world. Here, the benchmark of setting the rates was given to them. Along these lines, this is the thing that occurred at long last, what we give the name of outrage (Bahaji, 2014). In the above outrage, it was seen that the brokers separately pondered their benefit issues. Here the financiers contemplated their own advantages and advantages. The control of the rates was likewise one major issue. For developing their business they even attempted to control the rates (Chang Gong, 2013). Not just that they even attempted to energize other with respect to control of their rates to expand the overall revenues. Numerous large names of banks like Citigroup, Royal Bank of Scotland and Deutsche Bank were engaged with this outrage. Their eagerness drives them and furthermore their nation to such a degree of embarrassment. The goal of the merchants was not in any way perfect in the above case. They were exceptionally ravenous and egotistical individuals who just idea about their own enthusiasm of advantages. They were least made a big deal about their environmental factors. It is extremely evident where there is a major measure of cash included it winds up into a few or the other outrage (Cohen Khermouch, 2002). A genuine calling includes a few ethics morals that gives it the notoriety and popularity. On the off chance that there is no genuineness in any business, at that point that business doesn't prosper far later on. Here we see that for the time being the merchants had earned a ton by discarding the clients, dumping the administration, jettisoning between bank connections however toward the end, the outcome was true to form. They all needed to pay billions of cash fines (Springer, 2016). There were numerous lawful claims forced on them. Their name additionally got terrible in the market. It requires some investment to raise any business and proceed with it in the market. However, it can take just a couple of moments to lose everything that likewise at one go. Recovering everything will resemble beginning from zero. Supposing that somebody is new in the market individuals give them a possibility and on the off chance that they like it, at that point they acknowledge that firm and depend them with confidence. In any case, in the event that a decent firm loses its name, at that point it gets hard for any individual to put confidence that firm once more. The brokers needed to pay for their once profited firm by losing a tremendous measure of cash as fine. Utilitarianism - It is genuinely said that As you sow, so you procure. Here in the above case, we see that whatever the dealers had done for the sake of benefit was really their individual avarice in each phase of association. They needed to confront the results which were without a doubt stunning. They needed to pay a lot of fines which included a huge number of cash. In certain banks, it was seen that when they really got the chance to comprehend the disaster they have come up to, it was past the point of no return (McConnell, 2013). They couldn't do anything. They were additionally forced with lawful charges and fines. Thus, every broker should consider the results before settling on any negative methods for business. Deontology - The ethical morals of each individual get influenced when the idea goes to the huge measure of cash. In any case, this isn't pertinent for all the people. This is on the grounds that ethical morals fluctuate from individual to individual. This has no connection to the firm or organization in the person in included. On the off chance that an individual is straightforward, at that point nobody can demolish his morals with any measure of cash or extravagance. Be that as it may, on the off chance that an individual is exploitative, at that point, the individual in question can show deceitfulness in any capacity. Here additionally something very similar occurred. In the above case, no individual can be accused for the incidents in the records. The laborers overall are to be accused (Ashton Christophers, 2015). Ethicalness morals - Though the facts demonstrate that the goodness morals of each individual stays same regardless of what occurs. Be that as it may, it isn't completely evident. Some of the time in the event that an individual is working in any firm, at that point that individual has no independence there. The individual in question needs to submit to the happenings in their firm whether it is loved or not loved. In any activity, each individual needs to tune in to their seniors. So regardless of whether the lesser imagines that the choices taken aren't right or attempts to restrict anything then that individual needs to lose the employment. In this way, in some cases requirement for the activity likewise drives individuals in the way of negative deeds. Henceforth it very well may be said that in the above embarrassment, likewise individuals who were gotten together with the firm yet might be not be remembered for the outrage however needed to languish over all (CRISP, 2010). Banks are controlled by individuals and individuals are covetous of cash. In this way, the merchants can't just be accused for the outrage. The enthusiasm of the broker likewise achieved this embarrassment. Each bank proprietor contemplated the benefit of their bank. In addition, the individuals working in the bank likewise thought that it was productive for them so they additionally held hands with them with no hesitation. Each individual element of the bank took an enthusiasm, beginning from the higher to the lower post are included the accomplishment of this outrage. Nobody at any point contemplated the results they may need to look toward the end (Hicks, 2010). The activity of the merchants is to exchange cash. It is their obligation to consider the cash as it were. The brokers work under the bank for cash dealings. They affirm the managing, get their offer and run off. It is the banks which remain. The firm consistently needs to confront the outcomes. Toward the end the dealers didn't need to pay the fine, the brokers needed to. The dealers demonstrated them the negative way and took their offer. Be that as it may, the bank needed to endure toward the end. So no individual can be accused in these cases. It goes like a chain of faults (Banker, examiner, or speculator?, 2011). End As it is told before likewise that it take seconds to lose trust however it takes a very long time to make it. What's more, losing the made trust and recovering it is another huge obligation and difficulty. Like, on account of setbacks the entire firm including each worker needs to pay for it, comparably while getting back the trust likewise every individual needs to invest their push to recapturing it. It is consistently a collective endeavor (Farla, 2014). While recovering trust the underlying period of picking up trust, before all else, appears to be simpler. It implies that individuals feel that when they had begun the busin

TEDDY BOYS (YOUTH SUBCULTURE) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

TEDDY BOYS (YOUTH SUBCULTURE) - Essay Example They take emblematic implications and become blemish for the individuals who abhor it and a token of distinguishing proof and acknowledgment into the fellowship for the individuals who are a piece of that gathering. The Teddy Boys subculture developed during the 1950s in England (Hazlehurst and Hazlehurst, 1998). Basically it was a response to the limiting space and declining status that the working class English individuals were given. Building up a subculture is inescapable, as Dick Hebdige writes in his book Subculture: The Meaning of Style (1979), that â€Å"modes† and â€Å"categories† acquired from the old people no longer serve the necessities of another age. The Teddy Boy subculture picked up roots during post-world war Britain (Hazlehurst and Hazlehurst, 1998), to speak more loudly against the social shamefulness that was tormenting Britain. It rose from the working white collar class and strived to show signs of improvement economic wellbeing (Hazlehurst and Hazlehurst, 1998). The Teds were initially called the Cosh Boys later Daily Express named the Edwardian looking young people as Teddy Boys (Robertson, 2007). The ‘Teddy Boys’ was the first with recognizable posses that wore comparative attire. The exemplary Teddy Boy look would be the drake coat and ‘brothel creepers’ for footwear. To start with there were curtains and drainpipe pants for the Teds (Marko, 2007). Later this look was moved up to wraps with neckline, sleeve and pocket trimmings. The pants got smaller with crepe soled shoes (otherwise called the creepy crawly smashers). The haircut was intensely gelled (lubed) with a quiff formed into a DA, all the more prevalently known as the ‘duck’s arse’ (Marko, 2007). The ‘Edwardian’ style received by the Teds was a ‘take’ on the sort of garments worn by a specific segment of the British armed force (the Guards) after WW2, with intentional references back to when the high society were ‘in charge’. Worn by the watchmen the style had solid

Midterm Message

Midterm Message As all students at the University of Illinois know, its time for midterm exams. I personally have two this week and had one the previous week. Upon transferring to the university, I was worried about how different the difficulty and environment of the test taking would be, and thankfully, I was wrong. After taking my first midterm in Math 415 and studying previous midterms given in my other classes, I have come to realize the testing here is the same, if not easier than what I experienced at the College of DuPage. This is not a bad thing, either, as it means that the teaching is better or the emphasis is less on memorization and more on understanding, which appeals to students like me whom apply better than memorize. Also, it seems most tests are taken  in the afternoon, which allows for last minute touch-ups or glances at difficult material. The midterms also usually cover the material the teacher stresses or uses in PowerPoints, which makes what you read in the book extra enrichment in mastering the core material. With that said, you are overly prepared to take most midterms if you complete all of the work, but sometimes if you need to bridge a gap, all you should do is see the teachers assistants or the teacher. Therefore, when a midterm comes up at the University of Illinois, you should not worry because there are not tricks or stretches in the information given on the tests, only lectured information that is intended to be used with ingenuity. With that said, I would like to conclude  that no one should be intimidated by the midterms at the University of Illinois as a current student or transfer. The purpose of tests, in my mind, is to see that you can apply and manage what you have learned in a class and not purely memorize material. The University of Illinois and I certainly agree in that regard, which makes testing less frightening for someone with an imperfect memory, as we all have, and that person  still capable of succeeding on exams. Pictures courtesy of: tamaramccleary.com, play.google.com, wtax.com, and me Jacob Class of 2018 I am a transfer student studying Engineering Physics in the College of Engineering. I started with the Illinois Engineering Pathways program through the College of DuPage. I am from Naperville, Illinois.

Should Marijuana Be Legal - 1453 Words

Marijuana is arguably the most controversial drug in history. In general, when someone hears the word â€Å"drugs† they think of a terrible substance that will destroy the human body. However bringing up marijuana, many people think of different things. Some think of a degenerate hippie, but many Americans simply do not know what to think, and bringing up the legalization of the substance is even more controversial. There is a large group of people that believe the legalization of marijuana is pointless and only serves the purpose of making people unhealthy, but at the same time there are many that believe its legalization will solve many problems in America. Marijuana should be a legal, regulated drug because of its long history, the United†¦show more content†¦Woodward challenged the propriety of passing legislation based only on newspaper accounts and questioned why no data from the Bureau of prisons or the Children s Bureau supported the FBN s position.† (Ma rijuana Use Should Be Decriminalized.) Not only is this a clear reason for the court s decision to be revisited, but it is a question that has gone without a good answer for far too long. Another reason that marijuana should be legalized is the clear connection, it would have on our economy. Now it is no secret that the United States is in debt, but it is less known that marijuana can be a key component in fixing this problem. There are currently â€Å"...30,000 prisoners doing time for marijuana-related charges†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The War on Drugs Should Not Include Marijuana.) A large part of our economic crisis has to do with the overcrowding of our prisons. Each person in prison is taking taxpayer money that could certainly be better used for a number of things; such as better education, better healthcare, and more. The people arrested for marijuana charges are typically normal American people that used the drug to relax or get rid of stress. They are not drug dealers or violent deg enerates that deserve to spend time in prison away from their families. There is also the issue of how much it costs the government to keep marijuana away from people. â€Å"...a significant chunk of the ONDCP’s funding has also gone toward mediaShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Fingarson English 11 March 9th, 2017 Junior Research Paper: Marijuana Should Be Legal. According to world recognized American Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis inRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1060 Words   |  5 PagesMedical Marijuana Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the United Sstates (Wagner).. Marijuana is commonly used becauseThis it is because marijuana is easy to get and doesn’t have the visibly dangerous effects that other drugs like cocaine and heroine have. However,But does that mean marijuana is harmless to the human body? There are some people and studies that believe it is harmlessso. Sanjay Gupta, MD, Chief Medical Correspondent for CNN, wrote the following: â€Å"Frequent marijuana useRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?986 Words   |  4 Pages smoking pot in California, is legal. On Tuesday, November 8, 2016, California became the fifth state to legalize the recreational use of pot. By a margin of about 56% to 44%, voters passed Proposition 64. With its passing, California is now among states like Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska who have also legalized marijuana. â€Å"Marijuana could become quite the cash crop† said Richard McGowan, a professor at Boston College and expert in the field of marijuana legalization. While many peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1230 Words   |  5 PagesCannabis Can The marijuana movement is more prevalent now than ever. Just recently, two other states have joined Colorado and Washington in the legalization of the recreational use of marijuana. On the other hand, the state of Florida did not pass the bill to approve medical marijuana. Although more and more states have begun to see the benefits in legalizing marijuana, many states maintain the view that smoking marijuana is criminal despite the many advantages it poses. Marijuana offers medical andRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?997 Words   |  4 Pagesof the topics; write a thesis statement and complete the introduction 1. Marijuana should be legal, because it is harmless, and it is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases. - Marijuana should be legal due to its variety of health benefits - Marijuana is an effective medicine for many kinds of diseases - Marijuana legalization would help boost the economy Thesis Statement: Why shouldn’t marijuana be legal due to its variety of health benefits, its effectiveness for combating manyRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?864 Words   |  4 PagesCannabis, also known as marijuana among other names, is a preparation of the Cannabis plant intended for use as a psychoactive drug or medicine. Marijuana smoking remains the most prevalent form of illicit drug use in the United States and has even been legalized medicinally in twenty-four states. Four of these states, including Colorado and Washington, have legalized marijuana for recreational use. This means that it is treated like a controlled substance, like alcohol or tobacco, and anyone theRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1630 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana has been a hot topic of conversation over the last few years, as some states in America have legalized it medically and recreationally. By discussing the legal aspect of marijuana, the economic benefits, medical usage and how marij uana affects the family, we can see the positive and negative impact that marijuana has on sociology. Except for a few select states, marijuana usage, sale and distribution of marijuana is in some manner illegal. As a result, there is immense legal considerationsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1610 Words   |  7 PagesSince the very first day marijuana began dominating our country over 30 years ago, federal control of the drug has been the topic of an continuing arguments. Marijuana is a crushed up blend of dried out herbs, seeds and stems of the plant cannabis. Most people inhale it in the shape of cigarettes for pleasure and relief. Should marijuana be made legal? Advocates of the drug argue that there are multiple medical advantages and that tobacco and alcohol are far more harmful for us than the drug itselfRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesMarijuana is safer than tobacco and alcohol, more beneficial and healthier too. Marijuana, unlike tobacco and alcohol, never causes serious illnesses like cancers of the lungs, throat, and mouth, cirrhos is, dementia, or anything else. In actuality, medical marijuana is used to treat cancer cells. â€Å"The earliest use of cannabis as a medicine is attributed to the legendary Chinese Emperor Shen Nung, who is thought to have lived around 2700 BC.. Cannabis sativa is thought to have been grown for at leastRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesShould Marijuana Be Legal? In order to start a discussion about whether marijuana should be legal, we must first begin with the history of marijuana. How long has marijuana been around? The earliest recorded use of marijuana is from the island of Taiwan off the coast of mainland china over 10,000 years ago in the Stone Age (Marijuana, 2014). They wove their clothes and made their shoes from hemp. The first paper was made from a combination of crushed hemp fibers and mulberry tree bark. This

Salvador Allende Essay - 1712 Words

A nation’s sovereignty and self sufficiency is all dependent on said nation s economy, a nation with a doomed economy is bound to fall and fail its people. Such is the case with the South American country Chile, in 1973 under President Allende’s socialist regime. Salvador Allende was the short-lived president of Chile ruling from 1970 to 1973. During Allende’s reign, socialist destruction ensued, with crime breaking out frequently, complete totalitarian rule with all forms of media being regulated and controlled by a marxist government, a grief-stricken economy, as well as the abolition of all free trade, with tariffs up to 100%, extremely crippling the Chilean society and economy. As Chile was in shambles, it was inevitable a revolution†¦show more content†¦Jose Pinera of The Atlas Society exclaims that â€Å"From 1973 to 1989 (Pinochet’s years of ruling), a true revolution took place in Chile, involving a radical, comprehensive, and sustained move toward free markets. This Chilean revolution doubled Chile s historic rate of economic growth (to an average of 7 percent a year from 1984 to 1998 Pinochet’s final term), drastically reduced the proportion of people living in poverty.† (Pinera). Pinochet created a free market to allow businesses to operate in a non-marxist fashion, whilst also drastically decreasing the poverty rate by 7% each year for 14 years. Once Pinochet removed tariffs entirely, free trade was prevalent within Chile, making Chile a more advanced city economically. Tyler Cowen, writer for The Marginal Revolution states in his article â€Å"How Good Was Pinochet For The Chilean Economy?† that during Pinochet’s regime â€Å"Chile moved from very high tariffs to virtual free trade. The Chilean economy diversified and became far less dependent on copper; this included some moves to hi-tech and light industry.† (Cowen). Pinochet’s vigorous advancements of the Chilean ec onomy, including his removal of a marxist trade system, remarkably enhanced Chile’s economy, renewing it to a state of great strength, while also introducing new foreign products into Chile now that foreign trade was possible under a freeShow MoreRelatedAmerican Politics During The Nixon Administration1429 Words   |  6 PagesThis Extended Essay will examine how American domestic politics during the Nixon Administration influenced the role of the U.S and more specifically the C.I.A in their role in the Chilean coup of 1973. Throughout this paper connections will be drawn between various corporations which had a significant stake in Chile’s industry and economy before the coup occurred and their subsequent relationships with different members of the Nixon Administration or those in places of power such as the directorRead MoreSocio Economic Status And Health1748 Words   |  7 Pagesand the association between socio-economic status and health could be viewed as a cla ssical problem in medical sociology that dates back the mid-19th century works of Friedrich Engels, Rudolf Wirchow and Salvador Allende. These scholars writing during the early years of capitalism (Salvador Allende is an exception as to this trend as he studied the social origins of illness in the later times and a different geographical context) noted that the structures of oppression and features of urban life wereRead MoreThe International Telephone And Telegraph Company1336 Words   |  6 Pagesnot favorable to their affairs. An obvious case of Chile in the early 1970s, the International Telephone and Telegraph Company (ITT) has collaborated with the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) supported the overthrow of the government of Chile Salvador Allende who supported the transfer of businesses to the state (nationalization) and the International Telephone and Telegraph Company (ITT) afraid that their investments in Chile is wasted. Forasmuch, the highest purpose all of the big companies isRead MoreWhy Is There No Free Trade Agreement Between North And South America?2417 Words   |  10 Pagesof 800 million and a GDP of about $11 trillion, making it the largest freed trade area in the world. (Barlow 1:2001) The FTAA has struggled to see any changes and the deadline passed being unnoticed in 2005. This essay will discuss why there is no FTAA between the Americas yet. The essay will show how history can affect states decisions. It will look at what the FTAA would bring to both North and South America (NA SA), while looking at individual states cases. It will conclude by looking at whatRead More The War in Iraq Being an Oil Currency War Essay4124 Words   |  17 Pagesadministration is the impending phenomenon known as Global Peak Oil. This is projected to occur around 2010, with Iraq and Saudi Arabia being the final two nations to reach peak oil production. The issue of Peak Oil has been added to the scope of this essay, along with the macroeconomics of `petrodollar recycling and the unpublicized but genuine challenge to U.S. dollar hegemony from the euro as an alternative oil transaction currency. The author advocates graduated reform of the global monetary systemRead MoreInstitution as the Fundamental Cause of Long Tern Growth39832 Words   |  160 Pagessituation in Chile in the early 1970’s. Salvador Allende was elected President with a majority of the popular vote. The formal political institutions of democracy in Chile allocated power to him to propose legislation, issue decrees, etc. Consequently, even though he did not have an absolute majority in congress, Allende had a great deal of de jure political power. Political power is not just de jure however; it does not simply stem from political institutions. Allende, despite being empowered under theRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7

Disease Research Free Essays

The ten leading causes of death in the United States of America as of 2005 are heart diseases, malignant neoplasm, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory disease, unintentional disease, diabetes mellitus, influenza and pneumonia, Alzheimer’s disease, nephritis and nephrosis, septicemia, intentional self-harm. I preferred diabetes mellitus because I think this kind of disease should be given much emphasis and attention from the government. Diabetes mellitus is a type of disease in the pancreatic area. We will write a custom essay sample on Disease Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now In this disease, the pancreas does not properly generate insulin. When the body cannot generate enough insulin, hyperglycemia and other related disorders will occur in our metabolism. Diabetes can cause harm in other body organs when complications will arise. First of all, it causes damage to the kidneys which are responsible for the absorption of waste products in our body. Damaged kidneys then causes the end stage renal disease in which the kidneys are destroyed mutely. This then causes the nephrons to worsen which leads to other diseases such as hepatitis to arise. When this happens, the person now has two or more diseases to worry about. Today, it is estimated that 20. 8 million Americans suffer from diabetes. Out of this 20. 8 million Americans, 6. 2 million are undiagnosed. When diabetes goes unnoticed, prevention and early treatment would be impossible. If diabetes is not treated properly, it will then lead to life-threatening complications as mentioned earlier. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the disease will rise to more than 50% in the next 10 years if ignored. According to the United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet 2005, â€Å"Overall, the risk for death among people with diabetes is about twice that of people without diabetes of similar age. † (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention American Diabetes Association, 2005) One major cause of diabetes is an individual’s diet. Since in the United States most follow the â€Å"Western-style† diet in which almost everything is sweet (having lots of sugar in it), it is suggested that people should watch their diet more. However, there is little understanding of the mechanisms in diabetes at present. Unwatched diet may cause obesity which then causes some organs to become larger and cannot function properly (Giurini, Cook, Cook, 2007). Thus, the government must pay their attention on funding research on diabetes because first, more than 20 million people in the US suffer diabetes at present and will increase in the next 10 years; second; most people do not know that they have diabetes; and third, diabetes causes complications and even death when not treated properly and continued unnoticed. People should be well-informed about diabetes so that they will know how to diagnose, prevent, and treat diabetes.   Reference: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Diabetes Association. (2005). United States National Diabetes Fact Sheet. Retrieved. from. Giurini, J. M., Cook, E. A., Cook, J. J. (2007). Diabetes: the latest trends in glycemic control. Clin Podiatr Med Surg, 24(2), 159-189.    How to cite Disease Research, Essays

Fraud Prevention and Management Recommendations free essay sample

The purpose of this Fraud Prevention Plan is to set out the approach to dealing with fraud risk within our organization. In order to prevent the types of frauds that have already occurred within our organization it will be necessary to create â€Å"a culture of honesty, openness, and assistance†¦.. fraud prevention is where the big savings occur† (Albrecht, Albrecht, Albrecht, Zimbelman, 2012, p. 03). What is required is the implementation of a comprehensive hiring, fraud, and ethics training program with strong controls, with punitive treatment of fraud offenders. â€Å"Research confirms that anyone can commit fraud. Fraud perpetrators usually can’t be distinguished from other people on the basis of demographic or psychological characteristics. † (Albrecht et al. 2012, p. 33). The value of an effective fraud prevention program requires several components. The lack of fraud prevention leads to enormous risk. The corporation will need to install processes and controls to ensure that honest people are hired. When candidates are going through our interview process they will need to be thoroughly vetted on the accuracy of their work history, education, and stated accomplishments. In addition to the standard practiced of contacting references provided by the candidate, these referenced individuals will be asked to provide additional references. The result of checking references provided by the initial reference will in many instances allow for greater insight into the true character of the candidate. The Director of Human Resources should investigate the potential of having a pre-employment Business Ethics Assessment completed and evaluated for each potential new employee. The assessment will measure each candidate for knowledge of the application of ethical principles in various workplace situations, such as whistle-blowing, conflicts of interest, policies, ethical issues, and honesty (SHL Global, 2012). Consistent use of such assessments pre-hire will enable the firm to hire the most honest people. Criminal and credit history background checks are a critical component to our proposed fraud prevention plan, enabling the firm to identify â€Å"high risk† individuals prior to extending an offer of employment. In addition to stringent hiring practices the corporation will institute a fraud awareness training program for all employees as part of our efforts to create a â€Å"low-fraud atmosphere†. (Albrecht et. al. 2012, p. 103). Senior management must establish a positive work environment by creating a formal code of conduct that sets the expectation for high ethics, stating what is and is not acceptable within our enterprise. Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is a â€Å"Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers† that requires that every public company to create, disseminate to all employees, and religiously enforce its ethical code (Albrecht et. al. 2012, p. 107). Ideally the Code of Ethics should be reviewed and signed by all employees on an annual basis. Albrecht et al. (2012, p. 106) provides an example of a company issuing small cards to every employee to carry on their person. The card lists several reporting options for employees who suspect fraud is taking place. One of the options to report suspected fraud is for employees to contact an external, anonymous ‘hotline’ to communicate their suspicions. These actions combined with regular messages on fraud awareness and non-tolerance will help to decrease our incidents of fraud loss. Executive and mid-level managers need to create and preserve an open-door policy as an important element to assist in our fraud avoidance program. Easy access (open door) policies prevent fraud and allow managers to become aware of employee pressures and their possible rationalizations that contribute to fraudulent activities. Many times employees commit fraud because â€Å"they feel they have no one to talk to† (Albrecht, et. al 2001, p. 111). Management must be open to honest discussions with employees about issues concerning the employee, and be ready to recommend counseling or an approved corporate Employee Assistance Program (EAP). EAP’s can help troubled employees with problems caused by gambling, substance abuse, money issues, health, family, and other pressures that enable them to rationalize fraudulent activities. A good internal controls system will prevent the type of fraud the firm has previously experienced. According to the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO), the CEO has ultimate responsibility for any internal controls system. â€Å"More than any other individual, the chief executive sets the tone at the top that affects integrity and ethics and other factors of a positive control environment† (COSO, 1992). The control environment will set the overall tone of the organization that is established by senior management and runs throughout the management structure. A good accounting system is another important element of the control system to provide timely information used for decision-making. The Internal Auditor, Audit Committee, Director of Corporate Security, and Corporate Legal Council will need to work together to identify methods to assess risk and implement the appropriate controls. Basically there are only five types of control activities: segregation of duties, authorizations, physical controls, independent checks, and documentation† (Albrecht et. al. 2012, p. 114). The first three controls are preventative controls while independent checks and documentation are detective controls. Once established these controls need to be monitored and tested regularly for effectiveness. Had these controls been in place earlier the recent fraudulent activities of inventory theft, kickbacks, and enhanced earnings might have been prevented, or at least been identified earlier resulting in a reduced loss to the firm. The company has experienced prior internal control weaknesses, which strongly contributes to creating a high fraud environment. â€Å"When internal controls are absent or overridden, the risk of fraud is great† (Albrecht et al. 2012 p. 143). The Director of Internal Audit working closely with the Audit Committee can create and implement internal controls consisting of the control environment, accounting system, and control procedures. Aspects of the internal controls will be segregation of duties, physical safeguards, independent checks and monitoring, proper authorizations, documents, and records working in conjunction with a robust accounting system. Resilient internal controls are an important deterrent to fraud. Strong internal control can prevent or detect most types of misappropriations of assets and fraudulent financial reporting. Some examples of internal controls are mandatory vacations and job rotations, surveillance techniques, management review, segregation of duties, password protection on computer files, and physical safeguards on physical assets. An information system with a poor audit trail provides opportunities to conceal fraud. Audit trails need to be incorporated in our internal control system. â€Å"Close monitoring facilitates early detection† (Albrecht, et. al. 2012, p. 118) and can discourage fraudulent activities as employees realize they are being monitored and are loath to be exposed as being a thief. Similarly, having a monitoring system combined with a â€Å"whistle blowing† program will allow the organization to detect frauds early while losses are minimal. Our whistle blowing system needs to provide for anonymity, be easily accessed by employees, and ideally be managed by an independent entity, i. e. legal counsel or an outside third party organization. Finally the whistle blower program will feature prompt follow up on all reported frauds with corrective action implemented promptly to encourage additional use of the program. One of the most important factors of our program to eliminate fraud is the expectation of severe punishment. â€Å"One of the greatest deterrents to dishonesty is fear of punishment† says Albrecht. Simply terminating the offender is not significant as â€Å"real punishment involves having to tell family members and friends about the dishonest behavior† (Albrecht, et. al, 2012, p. 119). Legal Counsel must develop a robust prosecution policy that is publicized to all employees frequently about how unauthorized borrowing or theft of company assets will not be tolerated. These publications need to be depersonalized to disguise the identity of the perpetrator(s), to avoid potential slander and/or libel litigation (Albrecht et al. 2012 p. 123). The best way to prevent negative stories in the media is to avoid frauds in the first place. â€Å"A good Code of Ethics combined with a strong policy of punishment helps eliminate rationalizations† Albrecht states, and will prevent the frauds and resulting negative publicity the Board of Directors wishes to avoid. However all of the above actions need to be enhanced by proactive fraud auditing. Fraud auditing activity will create awareness in employees that their activities are subject to review at any time. A vigorous fraud auditing program involves four major steps: (1) identifying fraud risk exposures, (2) identifying the fraud symptoms of these exposures, (3) building audit programs to proactively search for symptoms and exposures, and (4) investigating fraud symptoms identified. A comprehensive approach to create programs and policies that prevent fraud require an understanding of the Fraud Triangle (Albrecht, et. al. 2012, p. 34) and the motivations that cause employees to commit theft. Engaging policies to prevent fraud will require a commitment starting from senior management and integrating throughout the organization. Management needs to establish a widely publicized policy of being notified when an employee who is not prosecuted for committing fraud, versus being notified only when an employee is being prosecuted. Senior managers must be the leaders of ethical behavior. â€Å"Top management cannot accept expensive perks and gifts from vendors and others and not expect employees to do the same† (Albrecht et al. 2012, p. 123). Employees must see that managers are setting the example for fraud avoidance. They need to be aware that management from the Board of Directors, top and middle managers, and control groups such as auditing committees, Corporate Security, and legal / regulatory compliance managers consider fraud avoidance a high priority. Significant time and resources need to be directed to instituting a comprehensive fraud education initiative that includes not only our internal workforce but also all vendors. Our plan should be reviewed consistently, especially after significant industry or corporate events such as layoffs, a hiring surge, or significant growth). The most comprehensive fraud prevention plan can be overtaken by fluctuations in the enterprise environment if the plan’s effectiveness isn’t regularly monitored and adapted to these changes. Monitoring via internal and/or external auditors, combined with education and whistle blowing programs will create a low fraud tolerance environment. â€Å"Employees and vendors who know that an effective monitoring and reporting system is in place are much less likely to commit fraud than are individuals who work in high fraud environments† (Albrecht et al. 2012, p. 123). Reporting discovered fraud activity to management will include Corporate Security, the Audit Committee, and the Human Resources Director, with notifications to the CEO and Legal Counsel. When fraud is reported or otherwise discovered the lead investigators will be assigned by the Director of Corporate Security working in conjunction with the Director of Internal Audit. Once the investigation is complete and a fraud event has been confirmed, a strong prosecution is recommended. Possible referral to the appropriate law enforcement agency(s) will be considered. The single greatest factor in deterring dishonest acts is the fear of punishment† Albrecht et al. 2012 p. 124). It is not possible to have a â€Å"zero fraud† environment. Stealing inexpensive office supplies is fraud. Due to the low costs these frauds are not considered seriously. However, once a fraud is perpetrated without a reaction the fraudster will continue to commit more frauds of ever-increasing magnitude. Albrecht et al. 2012 states â€Å"gone are the days when prosecution resulted in adverse publicity. Most people realize that fraud exists in every organization. (p 124). Should fraudulent activity be revealed and an investigation launched by Corporate Security and/or Internal Audit managers, there are four types of evidence that should be accumulated (Albrecht et al. 2012, p 80). This evidence may include testimony gathered from employees via interviews, interrogations, and honesty tests. Documentary evidence will include written or electronic materials. Physical evidence such as letters, purchase orders, shipping and inventory records, and any other tangible items associated with the dishonest acts. Finally personal observation of suspected fraudsters may be incorporated by the investigators (invigilation, surveillance, and covert operations) to augment the legal case against the perpetrator(s) of the fraud. Albrecht et al. (2012) cautions â€Å"because of the sensitive nature of fraud investigations, fraud investigators must exercise extreme care in how investigations are conducted, who knows about the investigations, and the way investigations are described. † Predication must exist before any fraud investigation is initiated. The goal of any fraud is to uncover the truth, and to confirm or deny if the suspicions of fraud are accurate. The potential for a suspected fraud to be an unintentional error or mistake by an employee is significant enough to avoid hasty conclusions without a vigorous investigation to confirm the facts of the suspected fraudulent activity. Disciplinary action may be taken against employees who are confirmed to have failed to comply with the company Code of Ethics, or violated any applicable law or regulation (American Express, 2006). Disciplinary measures will depend on the circumstances of the violation and will be applied in a manner consistent with the Company’s policies and/or any applicable laws. Termination is an option as is civil or criminal prosecution. In order to avoid false accusations, consideration will be given to whether or not a violation was intentional, as well as to the level of good faith shown by an employee in reporting the violation or in cooperating with any resulting investigation. Clear communication will be provided affirming that punitive action will be taken against any employee who directly participates in, authorizes, directs, approves of, conceals, or deliberately fails to report actions that violate the Code or applicable law or regulations. In addition, persons who violate any law during the course of their employment may be subject to criminal or civil penalties, as well as payment of civil damages to the Company or third parties. Preventing fraud is more cost effective than trying to recover assets after the fact. According to the 2012 Report to the Nations study published by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE), a staggering 40 percent of organizations did not recover any of their losses (ACFE, 2012). An article in Business Finance in May 2008 (Skalak, 2008) stated that the average cost of one incident of fraud is $3 million. The three identified frauds committed within our organization can be estimated at $10 million. At a profit margin of 10% we would need an additional $100 million of top line revenue to recover from this theft! A fraud prevention plan, properly designed and implemented, will support our organization’s efforts to mitigate losses due to occupational fraud. These initiatives may not stop fraud from occurring altogether. However â€Å"organizations with active plans which include anti-fraud controls, report lower losses and faster detection† (Plante Moran, 2012). An effective fraud prevention program is crucial to our organization to enable the firm to deliver quality products and services to our clients, and to maintain the confidence of all stakeholders. The Board of Directors must understand the fraud and corruption risks that our business faces and ensure that effective measures are in place to prevent, detect and respond quickly and appropriately to fraud and corruption. A timely approval by the Board to implement this fraud prevention initiative is strongly recommended.